Nginx 反向代理配置详解

Nginx 是高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器。本文详解配置方法。

一、基础配置

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
location / {
    proxy_pass http://backend:8080;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}

}

二、负载均衡

轮询（默认）

upstream backend {
    server 192.168.1.1:8080;
    server 192.168.1.2:8080;
}

权重

upstream backend {
    server 192.168.1.1:8080 weight=3;
    server 192.168.1.2:8080 weight=1;
}

ip_hash

upstream backend {
    ip_hash;
    server 192.168.1.1:8080;
    server 192.168.1.2:8080;
}

三、性能优化

开启缓存

proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m;
location / {
    proxy_cache my_cache;
    proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
}

开启压缩

gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain application/json;
gzip_min_length 1k;

四、常见问题

• 502 Bad Gateway：后端服务不可用
• 504 Gateway Timeout：后端响应超时
• 413 Request Entity Too Large：请求体过大